ABSTRACT
The development of automatic drug delivery is reviewed in this paper. The control-relevance of models, the relevant algorithm, the system running and the simulation effect are introduced. The value for clinical application of each case is assessed. The new advances and high-lights of researches are discussed.
Subject(s)
Humans , Algorithms , Drug Delivery Systems , Drug Therapy, Computer-Assisted , Infusion Pumps , Monitoring, Physiologic , MethodsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a computer-assisted screening system for individualized treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of the diabetic patients were retrospectively analyzed, and the regression equation for the affecting factors and therapeutic effect was established. With computer-aided programming, a computer-assisted screening system was established.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A computer-assisted screening system for individualized treatment type 2 diabetes was established, which showed a concordance rate was 98% in clinical verification.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Using epidemiological methods and assistance by computer technique, a computer-assisted screening system for individualized prescription can be established for selecting therapeutic regimen for type 2 diabetes.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Decision Support Systems, Clinical , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Therapeutics , Drug Therapy, Computer-Assisted , Methods , Patient-Centered Care , Methods , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) have become a part of everyday life. DermaMan is a freely available, Java-based, dermatology-specific calculator for handheld devices. It includes modules to compute PASI, MASI, SCORAD, and for calculations related to topical PUVA and Botox (R) administration.
Subject(s)
Botulinum Toxins, Type A/administration & dosage , Computers, Handheld , Dermatology/instrumentation , Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted , Drug Therapy, Computer-Assisted , Ficusin/administration & dosage , Humans , Melanosis/pathology , Neuromuscular Agents/administration & dosage , PUVA Therapy , Programming Languages , Psoriasis/physiopathology , Severity of Illness Index , SoftwareABSTRACT
The fast development of New Communication and Information Technologies [NTIC] and their use in increasingly numerous fields in medicine; raised new ethical issues. The aim of this paper is to highlight ethical and deontological guidelines for health professionals and physicians which must guide their use of the NTIC. A research in the Anglophone and French medical literature and on the Internet, using various key words related to ethics and medical computing. Ethical issues are mainly related to the property, the access and the use of the broad data bases of medical records, the legal obligations and ethics which must govern the course of a teleconsultation or a therapeutic remote intervention and the rules which must define the relationship between the teleconsultants and their patients. The use, increasingly frequent, of various expert systems of decision-making and/or of expertise in various clinical settings, also, poses ethical problems relating to the reliability of such systems, the qualifications necessary for their application and the responsibility for their development, maintenance and use. Medical information available on the Internet, of a very unequal and not controlled quality, raises many questions about the responsibility for the medical professionals in the education for the patients and their warning against sometimes erroneous information published on the Web. The ethical rules of research on the Internet must also be clearly formulated and diffused among the researchers. The general principles infront of an ethical problem related to the use of the NTIC remain based on the interest of the patient, the absence of a harmful effect, the respect of the professional secrecy and the safeguarding of the quality of the care and its conformity to the most recent scientific data
Subject(s)
Medical Informatics , Telecommunications , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted , Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted , Computer-Aided Design , Therapy, Computer-Assisted , Drug Therapy, Computer-Assisted , Radiotherapy, Computer-Assisted , Decision Making, Computer-Assisted , Numerical Analysis, Computer-Assisted , Medicine , Communication , Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted , Surgery, Computer-Assisted , ComputersABSTRACT
This paper presents a microcontroller system for target controlled infusion according to pharmacodynamic parameters of intravenous anesthetics. It can control the depth of anesthesia by adjusting the level of plasma concentrations. The system has the advantages of high precision, extending power and easy manipulation. It has been used in the clinical anesthesia.
Subject(s)
Humans , Anesthesia, Intravenous , Methods , Anesthetics, Intravenous , Pharmacokinetics , Drug Delivery Systems , Methods , Drug Therapy, Computer-Assisted , Methods , Monitoring, Intraoperative , MethodsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the predictive performance of 'Diprifusor' TCI (target-controlled infusion) system for its better application in clinical anesthesia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The predictive performance of a 'Diprifusor' TCI system was investigated in 27 Chinese patients (16 males and 11 females) during upper abdominal surgery under total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) with propofol/fentanyl. Measured arterial propofol concentrations were compared with the values predicted by the TCI infusion system. Performance was determined by the median performance error (MDPE), the median absolute performance error (MDAPE), the divergence (the percentage change of the absolute PE with time), and the wobble (the median absolute deviation of each PE from the MDPE).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The median (range) values of 14.9% (-21.6%-42.9%) for MDPE, 23.3% (6.9%-62.5%) for MDAPE, -1.9% h(-1) (-32.7%-23.0% h(-1)) for divergence, and 18.9% (4.2%-59.6%) for wobble were obtained from 227 samples from all patients. For the studied population, the PE did not increase with time but with increasing target propofol concentration, particularly following induction. conclusions: The control of depth of anaesthesia was good in all patients undergoing upper abdominal surgical operation and the predictive performance of the 'Diprifusor' target controlled infusion system was considered acceptable for clinical purposes. But the relatively bigger wobble showed that the pharmacokinetic model is not so suitable and requires improvement.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Abdomen, Acute , Blood , General Surgery , Adjuvants, Anesthesia , Anesthesia, Intravenous , Methods , Anesthetics, Intravenous , Blood , Drug Therapy, Computer-Assisted , Methods , Fentanyl , Infusion Pumps , Propofol , Blood , Reproducibility of Results , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the possible interaction between neostigmine and diclofenac in mice by the acetic acid writhing test. The intraperitoneal administration of neostigmine and diclofenac at different antinociceptive doses allowed to develop dose-response curves for each of them and the calculation of the corresponding ED50s. The interactions of neostigmine with diclofenac were evaluated by isobolographic analysis after the concomitant intraperitoneal administration of both drugs at fixed ratios of their ED50s. The combinations of both drugs were found to be synergistic by isobolographic analysis. The calculation of interaction index alpha as an alternative method to isobolographic analysis of drug interaction gave the same result of synergistic interaction for antinociception between the two drugs when concurrently given
Subject(s)
Animals, Laboratory , Diclofenac/pharmacology , Neostigmine , Drug Interactions , Drug Synergism , Animals, Laboratory , Drug Therapy, Computer-Assisted , MiceABSTRACT
Adherence is the milestone of a successful therapy. Over the last decade several authors have addressed the importance of adherence for optimal results of antiretroviral (ARV) therapy. Many health care systems are investing substantial resources to make available contemporary antiretroviral therapy. Despite the large investment in medications, insufficient investments have been made into an integrated adherence component to maximize the impact of these medications. Adherence, unlike drug therapy, cannot be defined as a single method with a defined prescription or formula. Instead, it is the result of a complex interaction between the patient, a prescribed medication and the health system. Many reports are available analyzing each of these components. We have found that critical elements of adherence include the patient's knowledge about the disease and how medications will help achieve a longer and healthier life, together with the motivation to adapt to a new style of life. A trilogy composed of information, motivation and behavioral skills is essential to achieve the maximum desired level of adherence. We have computerized this trilogy in a software program for self-administration in which each of the three components is provided to the patient as many times as necessary to transmit an understanding of the problem and to help make a rational decision to adhere to the ARV treatment program. In this review we analyze several efforts and techniques to improve adherence to any recommended medication that may interfere with the patient's lifestyle and outline how the adherence trilogy can be best used to optimize the ability of ARV therapy to durably suppress plasma HIV RNA to undetectable levels.
Subject(s)
Humans , Anti-HIV Agents , HIV Infections , Patient Compliance , Anti-HIV Agents , Behavior , Drug Therapy, Computer-Assisted , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , MotivationABSTRACT
This article describes the development of an innovative microcomputerized pulse-water-sac massage with drug penetration instrument and reports its effectiveness in the patients with immunity infertility accompanied by chronic seminal vesiculitis. The instrument was developed on the basis of the pathological characteristics of immunity infertility accompanied by chronic seminal vesiculitis, and along the lines of our practice in integrating the modern theory of traditional Chinese medicine, with multiple techniques of biomedical engineering sciences. 181 male patients with immunity infertility accompanied by chronic seminal vesiculitis received the treatment. Of these cases, 135(74.6%) were cured, 37(20.4%) were treated with significant therapeutic effects and 9(5.0%) with improved effects. The results of antisperm antibody (AsAb) tests became negative in 85.6% of the patients after treatment, and the pregnancy rate of their wives was 49.1%. No mild adverse effects were observed in all cases.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Chronic Disease , Combined Modality Therapy , Drug Therapy, Computer-Assisted , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Equipment Design , Genital Diseases, Male , Therapeutics , Infertility, Male , Allergy and Immunology , Therapeutics , Massage , Seminal Vesicles , MicrobiologyABSTRACT
Computers, their applications, various softwares and utilization in pharmaceutical sciences have been discussed briefly to improve knowledge-base of scientists who are willing to work with computers in their specific fields of interest
Subject(s)
Pharmacology , Drug Therapy, Computer-Assisted , Pharmaceutical Preparations , Computer-Assisted Instruction , Drug Information Services , Drug Evaluation , Quality Control , Pharmacognosy , Drug Design , PharmaciesABSTRACT
Os Beta2-agonistas constituem um dos pilares do tratamento da asma brônquica, porém sua curta duraçao de açao exige uso freqüente e a associaçao com outras drogas broncodilatadoras. O surgimento dos Beta2-agonistas de longa açao pode representar um avanço na terapêutica da asma brônquica. Objetivo. O presente estudo propoe-se a avaliar, em nosso meio, a eficácia e a tolerabilidade do salmeterol (SM), comparativamente ao salbutamol (SB), em pacientes com asma leve e moderada. Métodos. Após uma etapa de estabilizaçao de duas semanas, os pacientes utilizaram salmeterol 50mcg duas vezes ao dia, e salbutamol 200mcg quatro vezes ao dia, durante o período de quatro semanas, seguindo um esquema duplo cego, aleatório, de grupos paralelos. Foram estudados 60 pacientes que preencheram os seguintes critérios de inclusao: VEF1 (Volume Expiratório Forçado no 1 segundo)>50 por cento: variaçao diurna do PFE (Pico do Fluxo Expiratório) > 15 por cento ou resposta do VEF1 ao BD> 15 por cento, gradaçao de sintomas >2 (escala de 0 a 5) em quatro dos últimos sete dias. Resultados. Dos 60 pacientes estudados, sete foram excluídos no período de tratamento (ver Métodos), sendo concluído o estudo com 25 pacientes no grupo salmeterol e 28 no grupo salbutamol. No período de estabilizaçao, nao houve diferença significante entre os grupos, comparando-se os valores de VEF1 em porcentagem do prev., PFE matinal, gradaçao de sintomas e gravidade da asma. O percentual de melhora do VEF1 e do PFE matinal nos pacientes que receberam salmeterol foi significantemente mais elevado entre 2 e 4 semanas de tratamento, em relaçao aos pacientes que receberam salbutamol (p<0,05). Da mesma forma, o grupo salmeterol apresentou reduçao significante nos valores médios dos sintomas no período noturno na 1 quinzena de tratamento. Em relaçao ao número de inalaçao de socorro utilizadas, efeitos colaterais, freqüência cardíaca, pressao arterial sistêmica e dosagem de potássio, nao houve diferença significante entre os grupos. Conclusao. Este estudo demonstrou que, em pacientes com asma leve a moderada, o salmeterol na dose de 100mcg/dia elevou o VEF1, o PFE matinal e apresentou diminuiçao significantemente maior dos sintomas noturnos em relaçao aos observados no grupo salbutamol, e que a tolerância aos medicamentos estudados foi semelhante nos dois grupos.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Adult , Adrenergic beta-Agonists/therapeutic use , Albuterol/analogs & derivatives , Albuterol/therapeutic use , Asthma/drug therapy , Bronchodilator Agents/therapeutic use , Adrenergic beta-Agonists , Albuterol , Bronchodilator Agents , Drug Therapy, Computer-Assisted , Drug Tolerance , Peak Expiratory Flow Rate , Spirometry , Statistics, Nonparametric , Time Factors , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Present and furure uses of computers in dental office management have been discussed, along with reasons for minimal use thus far. The factors involved in automated billing procedures are cited while developing a hypothetical system. A look into the future points toward automation of diagnosis and treatment tasks as well as paperwork functions
Subject(s)
Practice Management , Medical Records Systems, Computerized , Practice Patterns, Dentists' , Drug Therapy, Computer-AssistedABSTRACT
Today's modern medical and dental schools are computerized to accomodate more patients. Large volume patient enrollment need a patient accounting system which can handle the increase load. On the other hand, patient record tracking as well as student creditation and patient assignment are accomplished too by the computer. The system used in U.C.S.F. dental school is designed for mass storage of a large number of patients with multiple data entry/display stations for performing different tasks simultaneously. The print-out machine helps to speed printing patient statments, insurance and reports when needed, with a quick'access to patient records to provide immediate answers on patient account status and dental treatment procedures as well. Computer proved to reduce the personnel overload in managing reports. One person could carry the whole task production analysis, accounts receivable, recall, credit balance, student creditation as'well as student requirements with a month-to-month report. Finally I can conclude that the use of computer system in U.C.S.F. Dental School proved to be very successful for the time consuming, efficiency, speed of pulling out information,system automation with a maximum security for the discreetness of the stored informations and data